兩會前瞻：這十個經濟熱詞值得關注

2018年全年國內生產總值900309億元，按可比價格計算，比上年增長6.6%，實現了6.5%左右的預期發(fā)展目標。2019年是新中國成立70周年，是決勝全面建成小康社會第一個百年奮斗目標的關鍵之年。

今年全國兩會期間，以下這些經濟領域熱詞或將成為代表委員們熱議的話題。

GDP growth 國內生產總值增長

As an overall indicator of economic expansion, China's GDP growth target has been set unchanged at around 6.5 percent for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018. On the provincial level, the majority of China's local governments have lowered the number this year, while over ten provincial regions set the target within a range.
作為經濟增長的總體指標，中國的國內生產總值增長目標從2017年到2018年已經連續(xù)兩年保持在6.5%。在省一級的層面，大部分省份都降低了今年的增長預期，有10多個省將增長目標設定在一個區(qū)間內。

【相關詞匯】

經濟狀況 economic situation

GDP核算 GDP calculation

核心指標 core indicator

高質量發(fā)展 high-quality development

工業(yè)產出 industrial output

增長質量 growth quality

Fiscal deficit 財政赤字

China lowered its 2018 fiscal deficit target, one major part of fiscal policy, to 2.6 percent of its GDP, down from the 3-percent level in 2016 and 2017. The government has vowed to maintain a proactive fiscal policy and further expand issuance of special-purpose local government bonds.
財政赤字是財政政策的重要組成部分，2018年我國的財政赤字目標由2016和2017年占GDP3%下調為2.6%。中央政府已經宣布要保持積極的財政政策，進一步增發(fā)地方政府專項債券。

【相關詞匯】

稅收激勵 tax incentive

減稅降費 cut taxes and administrative fees

房產稅 property tax

免稅 tax exemption

Tax reduction 減稅

China has been committed to cutting taxes and fees for enterprises and employees in recent years in a bid to boost investment and consumption. Total taxes and fee cuts reached about 1.3 trillion yuan last year.
近幾年，我國一直致力于對企業(yè)和個人減稅降費，以促進投資和消費。去年減稅降費總額達1.3萬億元。

【相關詞匯】

增值稅 value-added tax

企業(yè)所得稅 enterprise income tax

免稅 tax exemption

減稅 tax reduction, tax cut

收入分配 distribution of income

避稅地 tax haven

Monetary stance 貨幣政策

The annual Central Economic Work Conference said China will keep the prudent monetary policy "neither too tight nor too loose" this year while maintaining market liquidity at a reasonably ample level.
中央經濟工作會議表示，今年我國將繼續(xù)保持審慎的貨幣政策，要松緊適度，保持流動性合理充裕。

【相關詞匯】

定向降準 targeted RRR cut

注入流動性 inject liquidity

貨幣政策工具 monetary policy tools

公開市場操作 open market operation, OMO

逆回購 reverse repurchase agreement, reverse repo

Job creation 創(chuàng)造就業(yè)

Employment comes first in the six fields the country aims to stabilize in 2019. China first set the goal of surveyed urban unemployment rate in government work report in 2018. Over 13 million urban jobs were created last year, beating the official target of 11 million.
穩(wěn)就業(yè)是我國2019年做好“六穩(wěn)”工作的首要任務。2018年政府工作報告中首次設定了城鎮(zhèn)調查失業(yè)率的目標。去年共創(chuàng)造城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)崗位1300萬個，超出了官方設定的1100萬目標。

【相關詞匯】

大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation

就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè) employment and entrepreneurship

慢就業(yè) delayed employment

自由職業(yè)者 freelancer

自主創(chuàng)業(yè) self-employment

就業(yè)壓力 employment pressure

Poverty alleviation 扶貧

As one of the country's "three tough battles," reducing poverty is expected to accelerate this year to achieve the goal of lifting all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020. China still had 16.6 million poor people by the end of 2018.
作為“三大攻堅戰(zhàn)”之一，今年的扶貧步伐或將加快，以實現到2020年確保現行標準下農村貧困人口實現脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽的目標。截止2018年底，我國還有1660萬貧困人口。

【相關詞匯】

精準扶貧 targeted poverty alleviation

強制式扶貧 compulsory poverty relief

脫貧 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty

貧困線 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit

易地扶貧搬遷 relocating the poor

扶貧基金 poverty alleviation funds

開發(fā)式扶貧 development-orientated poverty reduction